Entanglement and Chaos in De Sitter Space Holography: An SYK Example

Document Type : Regular article

Author

Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics

Abstract

Entanglement, chaos, and complexity are as important for de Sitter space as for AdS, and for black holes. There are similarities and also great differences between AdS and dS in how these concepts are manifested in the space-time geometry.
In the first part of this paper the Ryu–Takayanagi prescription, the theory of fast-scrambling, and the holographic complexity correspondence are reformulated for de Sitter space. Criteria are proposed for a holographic model to describe de Sitter space. The criteria can be summarized by the requirement that scrambling and complexity growth must be ``hyperfast."
In the later part of the paper I show that a certain limit of the SYK model satisfies the hyperfast criterion. This leads to
the radical conjecture that a limit of SYK is indeed a concrete, computable, holographic model of de Sitter space. Calculations are described which support the conjecture.

Keywords

 

Article PDF

[1] L. Susskind, “De Sitter Holography: Fluctuations, Anomalous Symmetry, and Worm-holes,” [arXiv:2106.03964 [hep-th]].
[2] L. Susskind, “Black Holes Hint Towards De Sitter-Matrix Theory,” [arXiv:2109.01322 [hep-th]].
[3] G. ’t Hooft, “Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity,” Conf. Proc. C 930308, 284-296 (1993) [arXiv:gr-qc/9310026 [gr-qc]].
[4] L. Susskind, “The World as a hologram,” J. Math. Phys. 36, 6377-6396 (1995)[arXiv:hep-th/9409089 [hep-th]].
[5] M. Van Raamsdonk, “Building up spacetime with quantum entanglement,” Gen. Rel. Grav. 42, 2323-2329 (2010) [arXiv:1005.3035 [hep-th]].
[6] S. Ryu and T. Takayanagi, “Holographic derivation of entanglement entropy from AdS/CFT,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 181602 (2006) [arXiv:hep-th/0603001 [hep-th]].
[7] V. E. Hubeny, M. Rangamani and T. Takayanagi, “A Covariant holographic entanglement entropy proposal,” J. High Energy Phys. 07, 062 (2007) [arXiv:0705.0016 [hep-th]].
[8] L. Susskind, “Computational Complexity and Black Hole Horizons,” Fortsch. Phys. 64, 24-43 (2016) [arXiv:1403.5695 [hep-th]].
[9] L. Dyson, M. Kleban and L. Susskind, “Disturbing implications of a cosmological constant,” J. High Energy Phys. 10, 011 (2002) [arXiv:hep-th/0208013 [hep-th]].
[10] T. Banks, B. Fiol and A. Morisse, “Towards a quantum theory of de Sitter space,” J. High Energy Phys. 12, 004 (2006) [arXiv:hep-th/0609062 [hep-th]].
[11] L. Susskind, “Addendum to Fast Scramblers,” [arXiv:1101.6048 [hep-th]].
[12] T. Banks and W. Fischler, “Holographic Space-time, Newton’s Law and the Dynamics of Black Holes,” [arXiv:1606.01267 [hep-th]].
[13] T. Banks and W. Fischler, “Holographic Space-time, Newton‘s Law, and the Dynamics of Horizons,” [arXiv:2003.03637 [hep-th]].
[14] G. W. Gibbons and S. W. Hawking, “Cosmological Event Horizons, Thermodynamics, and Particle Creation,” Phys. Rev. D 15, 2738-2751 (1977)
[15] M. Freedman and M. Headrick, “Bit threads and holographic entanglement,” Commun. Math. Phys. 352, no.1, 407-438 (2017) [arXiv:1604.00354 [hep-th]].
[16] L. Susskind, “Why do Things Fall?,” [arXiv:1802.01198 [hep-th]].
[17] L. Susskind, “Complexity and Newton’s Laws,” Front. in Phys. 8, 262 (2020) [arXiv:1904.12819 [hep-th]].
[18] D. A. Roberts, D. Stanford and A. Streicher, “Operator growth in the SYK model,” J. High Energy Phys. 06, 122 (2018) [arXiv:1802.02633 [hep-th]].
[19] Y. Sekino and L. Susskind, “Fast Scramblers,” J. High Energy Phys. 10, 065 (2008) [arXiv:0808.2096 [hep-th]].
[20] J. Maldacena, S. H. Shenker and D. Stanford, “A bound on chaos,” J. High Energy Phys. 08, 106 (2016) [arXiv:1503.01409 [hep-th]].
[21] J. Maldacena, D. Stanford and Z. Yang, “Conformal symmetry and its breaking in two dimensional Nearly Anti-de-Sitter space,” Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2016, no.12, 12C104 (2016) [arXiv:1606.01857 [hep-th]].
[22] L. Susskind, “Three Lectures on Complexity and Black Holes,” [arXiv:1810.11563 [hep-th]].
[23] A. R. Brown and L. Susskind, “Second law of quantum complexity,” Phys. Rev. D 97, no.8, 086015 (2018) [arXiv:1701.01107 [hep-th]].
[24] J. S. Cotler, G. Gur-Ari, M. Hanada, J. Polchinski, P. Saad, S. H. Shenker, D. Stanford, A. Streicher and M. Tezuka, “Black Holes and Random Matrices,” J. High Energy Phys. 05, 118 (2017) [erratum: J. High Energy Phys. 09, 002 (2018)] [arXiv:1611.04650 [hep-th]].
[25] M. Berkooz, V. Narovlansky and H. Raj, “Complex Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model in the double scaling limit,” J. High Energy Phys. 02, 113 (2021) [arXiv:2006.13983 [hep-th]].
[26] A. Lewkowycz, J. Liu, E. Silverstein and G. Torroba, “T T and EE, with implications for (A)dS subregion encodings,” J. High Energy Phys. 04, 152 (2020) [arXiv:1909.13808 [hep-th]].
[27] V. Shyam, “T ¯T + Λ2 Deformed CFT on the Stretched dS3 Horizon,” [arXiv:2106.10227 [hep-th]].
[28] H. Verlinde, Talks given in 2019: 1) the QIQG5 conference at UCDavis, 2) Quantum Gravity in the Southern Cone VIII in Bariloche, Argentina, and 3) the SRITP workshop Gauge Theories and Black Holes at Weizmann Institute, all in 2019.
 
Volume 1, Issue 1
November 2021
Pages 1-22
  • Receive Date: 28 September 2021
  • Revise Date: 11 October 2021
  • Accept Date: 29 October 2021